How corporate social responsibility reporting affects financial performance? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between CSR disclosures and the performance of Saudi Arabian companies. It analyzes the annual financial reports of 90 non financial companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) from 2019 to 2023. Using content analysis software, the study evaluates the quality of financial reports and identifies the extent of philanthropic, environmental, and social related disclosures. Subsequently, the impact of philanthropic, environmental, and social disclosures on key performance indicators, such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), is assessed. A CSR disclosure list was developed through a principal content analysis of the annual financial reports. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between CSR disclosure and corporate performance metrics across all models. These results align with stakeholder and signaling theories, suggesting that robust CSR practices enhance financial performance and serve as credible signals to stakeholders. Notably, sector specific variations were identified, with non manufacturing firms exhibiting stronger positive correlations between CSR disclosures and performance measures compared to manufacturing firms. Additionally, firm characteristics such as size were found to significantly influence the CSR performance relationship. This research contributes to the expanding body of literature on CSR and corporate performance in emerging markets. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate leaders navigating the evolving sustainable business landscape in Saudi Arabia. The findings underscore the pivotal role of CSR disclosure in fostering sustainable and responsible business practices in the region.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Disclosure, Philanthropic, Social, Environmental, Financial Performance.